Introduction
Nestled in a hidden courtyard in the heart of London‘s bustling legal district lies the Temple Church, a medieval gem with a fascinating history spanning over eight centuries. Built by the legendary Knights Templar in the 12th century, this ancient church has witnessed the rise and fall of kings, survived the ravages of war, and played a crucial role in the development of the English legal system. Today, it stands as a testament to the power and influence of the mysterious medieval order that built it, and offers visitors a glimpse into the rich history of one of London‘s most intriguing landmarks.
History of the Knights Templar and the Crusades
To understand the significance of the Temple Church, one must first delve into the history of the Knights Templar. This powerful military order was founded in 1118 AD to protect Christian pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land during the Crusades. The Templars took their name from their headquarters on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, and quickly gained a reputation as fierce warriors and skilled financiers.
During the 12th and 13th centuries, the Templars established a network of churches, castles, and financial institutions across Europe and the Middle East. They became one of the most influential and wealthy organizations in medieval Europe, with a presence in virtually every major city and port.
However, the Templars‘ power and influence eventually led to their downfall. In 1307, King Philip IV of France, heavily indebted to the Templars and seeking to seize their wealth, accused the order of heresy, blasphemy, and other crimes. Many Templars were arrested, tortured, and burned at the stake, and the order was officially disbanded by Pope Clement V in 1312.
Architectural Significance of the Round Church
The Temple Church in London was one of the most important Templar churches in Europe, and its architecture reflects the order‘s power and prestige. The church is divided into two main sections: the Round Church, built in the 12th century, and the Chancel, added in the 13th century.
The Round Church is one of the most unique and impressive features of the Temple Church. It was modeled after the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, which was believed to be the site of Jesus Christ‘s burial and resurrection. The circular nave of the Round Church, measuring 55 feet in diameter, is topped by a beautiful dome roof that was one of the first of its kind in England.
The Round Church is supported by six central pillars made of Purbeck marble, which are surrounded by a circular arcade of intricately carved arches and columns. The nave is lit by a series of small romanesque windows set high in the walls, creating a sense of height and grandeur.
One of the most striking features of the Round Church is its collection of nine 13th-century marble effigies depicting knights. These effigies are among the oldest in England, and are believed to represent some of the most important members of the Templar order. The most famous of these is the effigy of William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, who served as regent of England during the minority of King Henry III in the early 13th century.
The Chancel and Interior of the Temple Church
The Chancel of the Temple Church, added in the 13th century, is a beautiful example of early English Gothic architecture. It features a vaulted ceiling, pointed arches, and large stained glass windows that flood the interior with light.
The interior of the church is adorned with intricate stone carvings, colorful floor tiles, and ornate altars and furnishings. The main altar, made of carved stone and decorated with gold leaf, is a focal point of the Chancel. The church also contains several smaller side altars and chapels dedicated to various saints and members of the Templar order.
One of the most interesting features of the Temple Church‘s interior is the "penitent‘s walk," a small passage that runs behind the main altar. This narrow walkway was used by monks and penitents to move between the Round Church and the Chancel without disturbing the congregation.
The Temple Church and the Development of English Law
In addition to its religious and architectural significance, the Temple Church played a crucial role in the development of the English legal system. After the dissolution of the Templars in the 14th century, the church was given to the Knights Hospitaller, another religious military order. The Hospitallers then rented the church to two colleges of lawyers, the Inner Temple and Middle Temple, which have been located in the Temple complex for centuries.
These two legal societies, known as the Inns of Court, have been responsible for training and regulating barristers in England and Wales for over 600 years. The Temple Church has served as the chapel for these institutions since the 14th century, and has been the site of many important legal ceremonies and events over the centuries.
The church‘s connection to the legal profession is reflected in its unique status as a "Royal Peculiar," meaning it is under the direct jurisdiction of the monarch rather than a bishop. This special status is shared by only a handful of other churches in England, including Westminster Abbey and St George‘s Chapel at Windsor Castle.
Notable Historical Events and Figures
Over the centuries, the Temple Church has been associated with many notable historical events and figures. In the 13th century, the church was the site of negotiations between King John and the barons who were demanding greater rights and freedoms, which eventually led to the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215.
In the 17th century, the church was visited by King Charles I, who used it as a base during the English Civil War. The church also played a role in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, when William of Orange and Mary II were proclaimed joint sovereigns of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Many famous historical figures have been associated with the Temple Church and the surrounding Temple complex over the years. These include the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, who served as a clerk in the Inner Temple in the 14th century, and the playwright William Shakespeare, who is believed to have performed in the Temple‘s halls.
Restoration and Current Use
The Temple Church suffered significant damage during World War II, when it was hit by German bombs during the Blitz. The church‘s roof was destroyed, and many of its windows and interior furnishings were damaged or lost.
After the war, the church underwent a major restoration project that lasted for several decades. The roof was rebuilt, the stained glass windows were repaired or replaced, and many of the church‘s original features were restored to their former glory.
Today, the Temple Church is an active place of worship, holding regular services and events throughout the year. It is also a popular venue for classical music concerts and performances, thanks to its excellent acoustics and historic atmosphere.
The church is open to visitors Monday through Friday from 10am to 4pm. Guided tours are available, and visitors can explore the church‘s unique architecture and historical features at their own pace. The surrounding Temple complex, with its quiet courtyards, beautiful gardens, and historic buildings, is also well worth a visit.
Conclusion
The Temple Church is a true gem of London‘s historic cityscape, offering visitors a fascinating glimpse into the world of the medieval Knights Templar and the development of the English legal system. With its unique architecture, stunning interior, and rich history, it is a must-see destination for anyone interested in exploring the city‘s hidden treasures.
Whether you are a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply seeking a peaceful oasis in the heart of the city, the Temple Church is sure to leave a lasting impression. So why not step back in time and discover the secrets of this ancient landmark for yourself?
| Temple Church Visitor Information |
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| Opening Hours: Monday-Friday 10am-4pm |
| Admission: Adults £5, Students & Seniors £3 |
| Guided Tours: Available upon request |
| Location: King‘s Bench Walk, Temple, London EC4Y 7DE |
| Nearest Underground: Temple (Circle & District Lines), Blackfriars (Circle, District & Mainline) |
